See fumus on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fumus",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fu‧mus"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"fu‧mus"
]
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "40 40 12 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 41 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 48 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 48 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 40 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 41 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"conditional of fumi"
],
"id": "en-fumus-eo-verb-MIc2oscj",
"links": [
[
"fumi",
"fumi#Esperanto"
]
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfumus/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umus"
}
],
"word": "fumus"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fumus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "40 40 12 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 41 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 48 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 48 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 40 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 41 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"conditional of fumar"
],
"id": "en-fumus-io-verb-BIhHv7aE",
"links": [
[
"fumar",
"fumar#Ido"
]
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "fumus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmārium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmificus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmigō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmōsus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "fom"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Istriot",
"lang_code": "ist",
"word": "fòumo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "hum"
},
{
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "fumée"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "fumee"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "fumée"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "fumée"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "fumee"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Guinea-Bissau Creole",
"lang_code": "pov",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"lang_code": "kea",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Fumm"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "fumo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Guinea-Bissau Creole",
"lang_code": "pov",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"lang_code": "kea",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Fumm"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "fumo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "umo"
},
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "humo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"Dominican Republic"
],
"word": "jumo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "fim"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "fummu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la-vul",
"word": "*affumāre"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*fūmos",
"title": "fūmus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nProto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós\nProto-Italic *θūmos\nProto-Italic *fūmos\nLatin fūmus\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*fūmos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fūmus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"fūmus\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fūmos",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fūmos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fūmos"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *fūmos",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰuh₂mós",
"4": "",
"5": "smoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Cognates"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θῡμός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धूम",
"tr": "dhūmá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "дꙑмъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dust"
},
"expansion": "English dust",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nProto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós\nProto-Italic *θūmos\nProto-Italic *fūmos\nLatin fūmus\nInherited from Proto-Italic *fūmos, from earlier *θūmos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”).\nCognates include Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós), Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá), Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ), and English dust.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fūmus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"links": [
[
"fūmī",
"fumi"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmus",
"links": [
[
"fūmus",
"fumus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"links": [
[
"fūmī",
"fumi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"links": [
[
"fūmī",
"fumi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmōrum",
"links": [
[
"fūmōrum",
"fumorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmō",
"links": [
[
"fūmō",
"fumo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmīs",
"links": [
[
"fūmīs",
"fumis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmum",
"links": [
[
"fūmum",
"fumum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmōs",
"links": [
[
"fūmōs",
"fumos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmō",
"links": [
[
"fūmō",
"fumo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmīs",
"links": [
[
"fūmīs",
"fumis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūme",
"links": [
[
"fūme",
"fume#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"links": [
[
"fūmī",
"fumi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fūmus<2>"
},
"expansion": "fūmus m (genitive fūmī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fūmus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmōs vēndō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmum vēndō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 40 12 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 41 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 40 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 41 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“‘Here, where piles [of masonry] have been scattered, and stones torn from stone, and you see billowing smoke mixed with dust, ….’”\n(The destruction of Troy.)",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 2.608–609",
"text": "‘Hīc, ubi disiectās mōlēs āvolsaque saxīs\nsaxa vidēs mixtōque undantem pulvere fūmum, [...].’",
"translation": "“‘Here, where piles [of masonry] have been scattered, and stones torn from stone, and you see billowing smoke mixed with dust, ….’”\n(The destruction of Troy.)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"smoke, steam, fume"
],
"id": "en-fumus-la-noun-ok6neEq8",
"links": [
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"steam",
"steam"
],
[
"fume",
"fume"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Combustion",
"orig": "la:Combustion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "sign of good law",
"text": "fūmus bonī iūris",
"translation": "sign of good law",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indication, sign"
],
"id": "en-fumus-la-noun-18rE762-",
"links": [
[
"indication",
"indication"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfuː.mʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfuː.mus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "fumus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"la:Combustion"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fumus",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fu‧mus"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"fu‧mus"
]
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto 2-syllable words",
"Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"Esperanto non-lemma forms",
"Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Esperanto terms with audio pronunciation",
"Esperanto verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Esperanto/umus",
"Rhymes:Esperanto/umus/2 syllables"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"conditional of fumi"
],
"links": [
[
"fumi",
"fumi#Esperanto"
]
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfumus/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umus"
}
],
"word": "fumus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"la:Combustion"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fumus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"Ido non-lemma forms",
"Ido verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"conditional of fumar"
],
"links": [
[
"fumar",
"fumar#Ido"
]
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "fumus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewh₂-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"la:Combustion"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fūmārium"
},
{
"word": "fūmeus"
},
{
"word": "fūmidus"
},
{
"word": "fūmifer"
},
{
"word": "fūmificus"
},
{
"word": "fūmigō"
},
{
"word": "fūmō"
},
{
"word": "fūmōsus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "fom"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Istriot",
"lang_code": "ist",
"word": "fòumo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "hum"
},
{
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "fumée"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "fumee"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "fumée"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "fumée"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "fumee"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Guinea-Bissau Creole",
"lang_code": "pov",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"lang_code": "kea",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Fumm"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "fumo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Guinea-Bissau Creole",
"lang_code": "pov",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"lang_code": "kea",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Fumm"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "fumo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "umo"
},
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "humo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"Dominican Republic"
],
"word": "jumo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "fim"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "fummu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la-vul",
"word": "*affumāre"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*fūmos",
"title": "fūmus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nProto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós\nProto-Italic *θūmos\nProto-Italic *fūmos\nLatin fūmus\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*fūmos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fūmus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"fūmus\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fūmos",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fūmos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fūmos"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *fūmos",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰuh₂mós",
"4": "",
"5": "smoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Cognates"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θῡμός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धूम",
"tr": "dhūmá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "дꙑмъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dust"
},
"expansion": "English dust",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nProto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós\nProto-Italic *θūmos\nProto-Italic *fūmos\nLatin fūmus\nInherited from Proto-Italic *fūmos, from earlier *θūmos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”).\nCognates include Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós), Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá), Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ), and English dust.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fūmus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"links": [
[
"fūmī",
"fumi"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmus",
"links": [
[
"fūmus",
"fumus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"links": [
[
"fūmī",
"fumi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"links": [
[
"fūmī",
"fumi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmōrum",
"links": [
[
"fūmōrum",
"fumorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmō",
"links": [
[
"fūmō",
"fumo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmīs",
"links": [
[
"fūmīs",
"fumis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmum",
"links": [
[
"fūmum",
"fumum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmōs",
"links": [
[
"fūmōs",
"fumos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmō",
"links": [
[
"fūmō",
"fumo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmīs",
"links": [
[
"fūmīs",
"fumis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūme",
"links": [
[
"fūme",
"fume#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"links": [
[
"fūmī",
"fumi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fūmus<2>"
},
"expansion": "fūmus m (genitive fūmī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fūmus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "fūmōs vēndō"
},
{
"word": "fūmum vēndō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“‘Here, where piles [of masonry] have been scattered, and stones torn from stone, and you see billowing smoke mixed with dust, ….’”\n(The destruction of Troy.)",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 2.608–609",
"text": "‘Hīc, ubi disiectās mōlēs āvolsaque saxīs\nsaxa vidēs mixtōque undantem pulvere fūmum, [...].’",
"translation": "“‘Here, where piles [of masonry] have been scattered, and stones torn from stone, and you see billowing smoke mixed with dust, ….’”\n(The destruction of Troy.)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"smoke, steam, fume"
],
"links": [
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"steam",
"steam"
],
[
"fume",
"fume"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "sign of good law",
"text": "fūmus bonī iūris",
"translation": "sign of good law",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indication, sign"
],
"links": [
[
"indication",
"indication"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfuː.mʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfuː.mus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "fumus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fumus meaning in All languages combined (11.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.